Validation of the Leap Motion Controller using markered motion capture technology | a paper — Anna Smeragliuolo

a paper:

Validation of the Leap Motion Controller using markered motion capture technology

or
how well a Leap Motion can see your hand
by Anna Smeragliuolo, N.Jeremy Hill, Luis Disla, and David Putrino

read it here

Fig. 1. Upper limb anatomical landmarks for marker placement. 1, 2) the acromion processes; 3) center of the sternum; 4) lateral, and 5) medial humeral epicondyles; 6) ulnar, and 7) radial styloid processes; 8) the dorsal side of the wrist centered between the styloid processes; 9) center of the third metacarpal (back of the hand); 10) the middle of the first metacarpal; 11) the distal phalange of the thumb; 12) the distal phalange of the third (middle) finger.

Fig. 2. (Leap Motion Inc.). Typical use: a user controls virtual hands with the Leap Motion.

Fig. 4. Hand movements: a) radial/ulnar deviation, b) flexion/extension, and c) supination/pronation. Hand positions: d) open hand, e) loose fist, and f) tight fist.

Fig. 5. Neutral positions of the wrist and corresponding axes. a) ISB recommended neutral wrist position, with grey arrows describing our rotational adjustments. b) Adjusted neutral wrist position for Leap Motion.

Fig. 6. a) Flexion/extension Bias across range. Negative x-values represent flexion for both right and left hands; positive x-values represent extension for both hands. Mean bias 72 standard deviations are delineated on the plot to highlight differing accuracy levels. b) Flexion/extension RMSE across range: Negative x-values represent flexion for both right and left hands; positive x-values represent extension for both hands. Data points attributed to the right hand are represented by warm colors, the left hand by cool colors. Effective ranges are shaded. The hands represented on the negative and positive sides of the x-axis indicate the directions of movement for both the right and left hands. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 7. a) Radial/ulnar deviation Bias magnitude across range: Negative x-values represent radial deviation of the right hand and ulnar deviation of the left hand; positive x- values represent ulnar deviation of the right hand and radial deviation of the left. Mean Bias 72 standard deviations are delineated on the plot to highlight differing accuracy levels. b) Radial/ulnar deviation RMSE across range: Negative x-values represent radial deviation of the right hand and ulnar deviation of the left hand; positive x- values represent ulnar deviation of the right hand and radial deviation of the left. Data points attributed to the right hand are represented by warm colors, the left hand by cool colors. Effective ranges are shaded. The hands represented on the negative and positive sides of the x-axis indicate the directions of movement for both the right and left hands. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 8. a) Pronation/supination Bias magnitude across range: Negative x-values represent supination of the right hand and pronation of the left hand; positive x-values represent pronation of the right hand and supination of the left. Mean Bias 72 standard deviations are delineated on the plot to highlight differing accuracy levels. b) Supination/pronation RMSE across range: Negative x-values represent supination of the right hand and pronation of the left hand; positive x-values represent pronation of the right hand and supination of the left. Data points attributed to the right hand are represented by warm colors, the left hand by cool colors. No effective range was identified for this movement. The hands represented on the negative and positive sides of the x-axis indicate the directions of movement for both the right and left hands. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)